Death and Disease in Africa Essay - 3197 Words

Death and Disease in Africa There is one disturbing topic that this paper will cover, but many possible solutions to the problem which will be discussed. The topic is the AIDS epidemic in Africa, and what they can learn from other countries to try to control the rapid spread of AIDS. This paper will offer a few solutions one might find may (or may not) work to help Africa?s peril. Africa has a total fertility rate (TFR) of 5.2 children per woman, a problem that is not likely to go away anytime soon. In comparison the largest country in the world, China, has a TFR of only 1.8 largely because of their one-child policy and educational programs. Could imposing fertility rates in Africa not only curb the massive population†¦show more content†¦If the AIDS population growth continues like it is, where does this leave Africa? By the year 2050 Africa will dwarf China?s population by almost 100%. China has imposed a fertility policy on their citizens since the 1970?s which has helped drastically control this giant of a country?s population. Should Africa do the same thing for the good of its citizens and the rest of the world? When those numbers were entered in the geocism program, one would think that with Africa?s mortality and AIDS rate, they would have no competition with China?s already high population, and high life expectancy. This reflects the awesome power of fertility. An Overview of Africa?s Peril Africa is living with the largest AIDS population in the world. An estimated 3.8 million adults and children in Sub-Saharan Africa became infected with HIV during the year 2000, slightly less than the 1999 regional total of 4.0 million. During the year 2000, 2.4 million people died of an AIDS-related illness in Africa, and since the beginning of the epidemic, about 34 million people were infected. In the year 2001 alone, there were 3.4 million new infections, and more than 30% of pregnant women were HIV positive AIDS Continues...). At this very moment, 25.3 million people are living with AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, that?s about 2/3 of the total world AIDS population (AIDS Epidemic). In most areas of Africa, it is very likely that a child will die of AIDS, fromShow MoreRelatedHealth Issues in Africa1611 Words   |  7 Pagesfruit, and vegetables, and some of the planet’s cleanest air, it’s people isn’t as healthy as might be imagined. South Africa major health public concerns are HIV/AIDS, malaria, smoking related disease, and tuberculosis, just to name a few of them but all of which affect the non-white population more than the white; apart form these. HIV/AIDS in Africa The rise of sickness in Africa today is mainly caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired ImmunodeficiencyRead More Africas Health Care Crisis Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pages The residents of Africa are suffering from preventable, treatable, and fatal diseases everyday at a higher rate compared to developed countries. The healthcare crisis in Africa is the primary cause of all these deaths, and includes inefficient healthcare systems. Consequently, Africans inefficient healthcare systems results in poor delivery of care and a shortage of health professionals. The healthcare crisis in Africa is a current issue impacting the lives of many Africans who dont have theRead MoreGeography Health : Questions On Health885 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber of deaths are in South East Asia and the least amount of deaths are in the Eastern Mediterranean. The general trend is that death rates are highest in MEDCs with very old populations and the lowest deat h rates are in LEDCs with very young populations, like Mexico. There are a few exceptions to this rule in Africa, like South Africa. This is different to what you’d expect as you would think MEDCs would have lower death rates as they have better healthcare. 2. The leading causes of death in bothRead MoreDevastation and Disease in Africa1502 Words   |  7 Pagesproblem around the world. Birth rates are almost double to that of the death rates, and the earth’s population is reaching the seven billion mark. Continents everywhere worry about what is to come with the rising population because it is causes many resources to deplete and diseases to spread. These very problems are already occurring on the continent of Africa.. In Africa, overpopulation is causing an immense amount of disease to spread more competently due to the close living quarters and a lackRead MoreMillennium Development Goals : The Millennium Goals1518 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders of the world to combat literacy, hunger, environmental degradation, disease, and discrimination against women. Having specific targets and indicators, the MDGs are acquired from this Declaration. The eight goals are, to eradicate hunger and extreme poverty, achieve universal primary edu cation, empower women and promote gender equality, lessen the deaths in children, improve the health of mothers, combat diseases for example HIV/AIDS and malaria, to make sure there is environmental sustainabilityRead MoreMalari How It Affects Children997 Words   |  4 PagesAFFECTS CHILDREN IN AFRICA Have you ever been bitten by a mosquito? Almost everyone has been bit by a one, so you know how annoying they are. During the summer they re constantly out looking for a source to feed from. Sometimes you don t even know you were bit until a red bump appears and you begin to itch. They can even bite through clothing! Most times these bites are harmless but some mosquitoes can carry a disease called malaria. Malaria is a serious and possibly fatal disease. It is caused byRead MoreRecent Top Five Causes of Death in Ameri and South Africa1591 Words   |  6 Pages This essay will look at the more recent top five causes of death in America and in South Africa with regards to Heath psychology, and further go into detail about one of those top five causes to better understand the reasons for its prominence in the different contexts ranging from risk factors, health policy, disease progression and treatment advances or lack thereof. In order to do this, first a brief explanation into some key concepts in health psychology that may aid in this analysis will beRead MoreThe Impact of One Infectious Disease on Health , Economic Development and Lifestyle of the Area Where It Occurs944 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the impact of one infectious disease on the health, economic development and lifestyle of the area where it occurs? An infectious disease that affects health, economic development and lifestyle is HIV/AIDS. This disease is a pandemic that has spread over continents and all over the world. An area where this disease has effected the most is in South Africa, this is because it’s estimated that 5.6 million people are living with HIV and AIDS. Leading on to my next point, this has a massiveRead MoreMalaria in Sub-Saharan Africa Essay851 Words   |  4 PagesMalaria is blood disease caused by a parasite called Plasmodium. This disease occurs widely in poor, subtropical and tropical regions of the world. One subtropical region that has been greatly affected by this disease is Sub-Saharan Africa. According to Olowookere, Adeleke, Kuteyi, and Mbakwe (2013) malaria is one of the leading causes of death and illness in sub-Saharan Africa. It is important to be aware of the impacts this disease carries and how it has greatly affected millions of people. ThisRead MoreMalari A Treatable And Preventable Disease Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagespreventable disease, is still a major public health threat in spite of years of numerous control and intervention strategies. In 2015, the World Health Organization reported 214 million new malaria cases and more than 430,000 malaria related deaths. Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 88% of the new cases and 90% of the deaths, with pregnant women and children under five being at the highest risk of infection. Malaria is a devastating disease that accounts for about 10% overall disease burden in Africa and

The 1960’s pop music the-1960s Free Essays

Does the evidence of C support the evidence of Sources A and B about the effects of pop music in the 1960’s? Explain your answer. In my opinion I think that Source C doesn’t support Sources A and B. I think this because from Source A you can learn that the Beatles had quite a big impact in the 1960’s. We will write a custom essay sample on The 1960’s pop music the-1960s or any similar topic only for you Order Now This extract is from Joanna Lumley ‘and instead of the rush hour an extraordinary silence and emptiness had descended upon London, on England, on Britain.’ This statement implies that countless people left work earlier than usual to watch the Beatles. The Beatles were performing on ‘Juke Box Jury’. Juke Box Jury was Probably the most enduring of all pop panel shows and hosted by David Jacobs with his famous bell and hooter for ‘Hit’ and ‘Miss’. From this quotation we can see that there was usually a crowd of people at the tube station, but today there was no-one and Joanna Lumley was surprised. I dare say that London must have been quieter seeing as the Beatles were on television, but considering that Joanna was only a young woman aged around 18, she maybe exaggerating just a little. This source was written 30 years after it actually happened. Therefore there is a weakness of memory. Source B is a description about a concert which was in the 1960’s, however it was written in the 1990’s. ‘When I was seventeen, in 1964’ this quote proves that that whoever wrote the source was young and juvenile. So therefore they could have over exaggerated in this source. It was written 30 years after the event, so this source could be seen as feeble and biased. The concert in question was a Rolling Stones concert. The person says ‘We have dancing tickets, which meant that we could get really close’ this meant all the screaming girls could be very close to the Rolling Stones, this gave the concert more atmosphere. ‘I can remember their terrified faces, when they were trying to get off the stage, surrounded by the heaving, maniacal screaming mob.’ The Rolling Stones were scared from all these fans. This person who wrote the source thought ‘I doubt if the Stones ever played so near their audience again.’ Source C is Paul McCartney, a Beatles member, describing the Beatles concerts. Paul was talking in 1984, even though the concerts he is talking bout were in the 1960’s and 70’s. This source cannot be seen as entirely accurate because there could be lack of memory. In this source Paul says ‘it was never as crazy as they used to say it was.’ I think by this quote that the fans who were actually there exaggerated more to make that experience they had seem better than what it was. I think that Source C doesn’t support both Sources A and B because in Source C Paul says it wasn’t that bad, fans were screaming but because they loved you, not that they wanted to hurt you. Some fans were obsessive but they just wanted autographs. In Source A, it says that everybody left work early to go and watch TV, she doesn’t know everybody in the UK so she cannot say that. Along with Source B it says that the Rolling Stones were frightened, how did she know that for a fact, she didn’t exactly speak to them personally did she. So Source C contradicts Sources A and B. How to cite The 1960’s pop music the-1960s, Papers

Mental Health and Mental Disorders †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Mental Health and Mental Disorders. Answer: Introduction: Mental health is a very big challenge in Australia particularly depression and suicide. As far as depression is concerned, approximately one million people from Australia currently suffer from depression. 10,000 young people from Australia live with depression every year. Out of all the new mothers in Australia, fourteen percent of them are affected by postnatal depression Management. According to statistics, depression affects one in every seven people at some point in their lives in Australia. Furthermore, it is projected that in twenty years, apart from heart disease, depression will be one of the prominent causes of death and disability in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). As far as suicide is suicide in Australia is concerned, there is a reason to worry. According to the Australian Bureau of statistics, there were 2687 deaths recorded between the year 2011 and 2015 which are as a result of suicide in Australia. According to preliminary data in 2015, there is an average of 8.3 deaths by suicide every single day. Suicide is approximately three times higher for males than it is for females. In 2015, 2.8 percent of all female deaths were attributed to suicide while on 0.9 percent of all female deaths are accredited to suicide (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). In Australia, the Aboriginal cultural group is at risk of depression compared to the general population in Australia. The history of the aboriginal people is marred with grief, trauma as well as the loss which are perfect ingredients for depression. There are widespread grief and trauma among the aboriginal people which be traced back in history to the time when most of them were killed and their land was taken away from them (Clancy, 2014). Secondly, they also face a lot of discrimination based on their culture in Australia and this takes at all on them psychologically since they are made to feel inferior and insignificant compared to other populations in Australia. This lowers their self-esteem and consequently leads to depression (Flood, 2006). Thirdly, they suffer from physical health problems. This is attributed to poverty which makes it virtually impossible for them to access healthcare since they cannot afford to pay for it. Fourthly substance abuse is also a crucial risk factor. Many aboriginal people start misusing drugs management at a very young age due to desperateness and hopelessness. Fifthly, violence is a very big problem among Aboriginal people especially women. According to statistics, one in every five Aboriginal women experienced physical violence in the last one year. This is in comparison to just seven percent of the non-indigenous women. This kind of atmosphere of violence is likely to drive people into depression. Sixthly, Aboriginal people record the highest number of incarcerations in Australia. Going by statistics, the national imprisonment rate for Aboriginal adults is recorded to be fifteen times higher than that of non-indigenous adults. In December 2013, Aboriginal people consisted of twenty-eight percent of Australias full-time adult prison population. This is a huge number taking into consideration that the community is not very large (Liberman, 2017). When family members such as the parent or the mother are incarcerated, then the children are left under the care of their extended family and this burden can lead to depression for both the children and the family especially considering the financial hiccups they also face. Finally, depression can result from the impact of stolen generations and removal of children. Roughly one in every twelve Aboriginal adults is part of the stolen generation. 26,900 people confirmed that they were taken from their natural family. Ma ny report high levels of psychological distress when told assess their health. The psychological distress is a risk factor for depression especially when no intervention is taken (Aitken Adkins Productions, 2015). Are far as suicides are concerned, young people who are between the ages of fifteen to twenty-four are at risk. According to data from Australia, the suicide rate for young are at its highest compared to numbers from the past ten years. Furthermore, one in every three deaths of young people is credited to suicide. What is shocking is the fact that forty-one thousand young people have made a suicide attempt at one point or the other. This clearly shows there is a problem. There are several risk factors that make young people vulnerable to suicide. First, living in remote areas is tough for young people or simply geographical isolation (Donald, 2016). According to Australian Bureau of statistics, the suicide rate for people living in rural areas has increased drastically. This number of suicide rates is three time that of the young people living in cities in Australia. Young people living in rural areas feel disconnected from what they consider as the real world. They feel hopeless and this psychological distress compels them to commit suicide (Birleson, 2014). Second risk factor for young people is sexual orientation. Same sex young people in Australia as six times likely to commit suicide in Australia compared to the general population. There is a big number of young people who identify themselves as homosexual or lesbians (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2013). Most of the times they feel judged based on their sexual orientation and this drives them to commit suicide. Third, cyber bullying and use of technology increase their risk significantly. Many young people in Australia spend a large portion of their time online texting and chatting on several social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook among others. This makes them more susceptible to cyber-bullying who derive their confidence by making others feel bad about themselves. Once rumors start spreading, its very difficult to stop or control hence the person ends up avoiding other people bec ause of share and this loneliness drives one to commit suicide (Wagner, 2016). Furthermore, young people use the internet to obtain information on how to attempt suicide. Four, young people are thought to be at risk because of their tendency to abuse drugs and alcohol. Alcohol is the most used drug in Australia. Abuse of alcohol has been recognized as a great contributor to suicidality for many years. Among those people who die as a result of suicide, alcohol disorders tend to be the second most diagnosed disorder among them. Young people under the influence of alcohol or drugs end up making poor judgments and also engaging in risky behaviors such as unprotected sex while some are raped. Once they sober up, they feel shame because of their actions and some who cannot handle the shame end up committing suicide (Birleson, 2014). There are two factors that may have contributed to the development of the clients mental health concerns and risk. One of them is the family history of mental disorder. In the case study, Elizabeth explains that her mother also experienced anxiety and depression during her first pregnancy too. Her mother had to be given anti-depressants medication after exhibiting suicidal behaviors. Once a mother experiences depression and suicidal tendencies during pregnancy, there is a higher chance of passing the same condition to the unborn child. This is attributed to the changes in the childs brain which are popularly known as amygdala whose role is primarily to control emotion and stress (Sperry, 2016). As such, researchers are advocating for intervention measures to be carried out before a child is born rather than after he or she is born (Smith Jury, 2017). The passing of the condition from mother to child can be clearly seen in this case study. Elizabeth is showing all the signs of depres sion and suicidal tendencies since she feels hopeless, buys painkillers with the intention of killing herself by overdosing, wishing to die and low self-esteem. Furthermore, children learn by the process of modeling and Elizabeths mother modeled her to accept depression and suicide as an option for coping with stress in life and that is why in her adult life she contemplates suicide as the only option (Nydegger, 2014). The second factor that has contributed to the development of the clients mental health concerns and risk is the environment of isolation. Elizabeth is on maternity leave which she went early because of high blood pressure so she spends most of the day and some nights alone since her husband by the name Craig has secured a track driving job that keeps him away from his family. Furthermore, the fact that the rental company also wants to terminate their contract compounds to the stress that she is experiencing and the stress is overwhelming to her. Isolation allows a person to overthink and concentrate on the failures which eventually leads to suicidal thoughts. When one is within a social circle of friend, one is distracted hence leaving very little space for suicidal thoughts since friends joke about and create humor which important for relieving stresses (Maville Huerta, 2013). Beneficence constitutes doing good to the patient as a nurse. Elizabeth is showing very clear signs of depression Management and suicide and the best thing to do for her is to admit her in the hospital before the situation gets worse before the situation gets worse which in this case is suicide. Non-maleficence is the ethical principle that states that a nurse should not do harm to patients. As a nurse, it would not be appropriate to leave a child the care of Elizabeth since she is in a bad state psychologically. She may end up committing suicide and leaving the baby alone and hungry considering Craig is always at work. As a nurse, its important to strike a balance between these two ethical principles since any acting taken will either be lean towards Zoe, Craig or Elizabeth but as long as the benefit outweighs the potential harm them it is perfectly alright. The mental health act of 2007 grants a mental health professional the right to forcibly medicate a patient if he or she does n ot comply with the regime in the community. The act also redefines professional roles giving a nurse power to act in the best interest of the patient. This will ensure that Elizabeth gets the treatment she deserves for the sake of herself and her family (Urden, Stacy Lough, 2016). Elizabeths wish to die is a high priority health risk. She considers herself a failure and in the last 48 hours, she has exhibited suicidal behavior by actually going to the chemist and buying pain killers with the sole intention of overdosing. One of the interventions that ought to be taken as far as Elizabeth is concerned is to provide medical treatment to her. This is because her condition has progressed and she has a lot going on and based on her symptoms, her mental state is very bad. Hospitalization may prove necessary for Elizabeth with constant inpatient care. The second intervention involves assuring, listening and talking to Elizabeth. Elizabeth was used to partying and she does not know how to handle isolation. Furthermore, she does not want to feel like the baby is attached to her. All these are things that need counseling and a listening ear (Meadows, Singh Grigg, 2013). This intervention will be beneficial especially when combined with medication to ensure that there is fast progress. Hopelessness is one of the reasons why Elizabeth is contemplating suicide hence making this intervention the best since it is based on the assumption that suicide is instigated primarily by hopelessness. By undergoing counseling, Elizabeth will be guided on how to focus on the negative elements of her life hence changing her perspective of life (Engdahl, 2014). As far as mental health problems are concerned, Elizabeth is suffering from anxiety. During her pregnancy she experienced anxiety. She also fears that just like her mother, she will be depressed and start depicting suicidal behavior since this is her first pregnancy and this stresses her a lot. A nurse can intervene in this situation by simply educating the patient (Slade, M., Oades Jarden, 2017). The nurse can help by presenting her with the literature on depression, suicidal behavior and how to manage them. Giving more information on the factors that are stressing her will help in reducing the anxiety levels which in turn will improve her health physically, mentally and spiritually. Secondly, the nurse should encourage Elizabeth to exercise regularly. Exercise has been proven to improve mood, reduce anxiety and depression. When vigorous exercise sessions are carried out, they can help alleviate symptoms for a very long time. When these interventions are successfully implemented, E lizabeth will feel more revitalized and her anxiety will slowly diminish. References Aitken, J., Adkins Productions. (2015).The Aboriginal people of Australia. Bullsbrook, WA: Adkins Productions. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016).Australian Bureau of Statistics. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2013).Making progress: The health, development, and wellbeing of Australia's children and young people. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Birleson, P. (January 01, 2014). Depression and suicide in adolescence.Australian Family Physician,17,5, 331-3. Clancy, L. (2014).Culture and customs of Australia. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. Donald, M. (2016).Prevalence of adverse life events, depression and suicidal thoughts and behaviour among a community sample of young people aged 15-24 years. Public Health Association of Australia. Engdahl, S. (2014).Mental health. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press/Gale Cengage Learning. In Slade, M., In Oades, L. G., In Jarden, A. (2017).Wellbeing, recovery and mental health. In Sperry, L. (2016).Mental health and mental disorders: An encyclopedia of conditions, treatments, and well-being. In Urden, L. D., In Stacy, K. M., In Lough, M. E. (2016).Priorities in critical care nursing. Liberman, K. (2017).Understanding interaction in Central Australia: An ethnomethodological study of Australian Aboriginal people. Maville, J. A., Huerta, C. G. (2013).Health promotion in nursing. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning. Meadows, G., Singh, B., Grigg, M. (2013).Mental health in Australia: Collaborative community practice. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press. Nydegger, R. (2014).Suicide and mental health. Santa Barbara: Greenwood, an imprint of ABC-CLIO. Smith, M., Jury, A. (2017).Workforce development theory and practice in the mental health sector. Hershey PA: Information Science Reference. Wagner, B. M. (2016).Suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.